%0 Journal Article
%T Working at scale: what do computational methods mean for research using cases, models and collections?
%A Daniel C S Wilson
%D 2023
%V Congruence Engine
%N Autumn 2022
%K AI for GLAM
%K Computational Humanities
%K History
%K Machine Learning
%K scale
%K STS
%X 
%Z Sabina Leonelli has written widely on this issue; for a comprehensive overview, see her entry, ‘Scientific Research and Big Data’, in  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , edited by Edward N Zalta, Summer 2020 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2020), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/science-big-data/.
%Z For suggestive examples, see https://www.turing.ac.uk/news
%Z The controversy surrounding  The History Manifesto turned, to an extent, on the equation of scale and significance; discussed further below.
%Z In relation to the turn to micro-histories such as by Carlo Ginzburg, see for example, Jacques Revel, ed, Jeux d’échelles: la micro-analyse à l’expérience (Paris: Gallimard le Seuil, 1996).
%Z https://www.turing.ac.uk/news/data-science-and-ai-glossary
%Z See (Da, 2019) and the ensuing responses in Critical Inquiry and elsewhere.
%Z See (Moretti, 2013), but others have attempted to differentiate between quantitative and digital approaches altogether, see (Underwood, 2017). The work of digitisation is always difficult, complex and expensive; nonetheless, literary texts tend to have presented fewer barriers to usability than other sources such as maps or newspapers, to take just two examples.
%Z See the work of the Stanford Literary Lab, Ted Underwood, Peter de Bolla and the centrality and widespread availability, for example, of collections such as ECCO (Eighteenth Century Collections Online).
%Z A recently published book stakes a claim for ‘Scale Studies’ as a sub-field of English, (Horton, 2021).
%Z See (Ahnert et al, 2021) for an exploration of this approach.
%Z C.f., (Bode, 2020)
%Z See (Pechenick, 2015)
%Z (‘Scientists pinpoint the year Britons were happiest’, 2019)
%Z In specific relation to metrology and the shift from local to global, see Simon Schaffer, ‘Les cérémonies de la mesure’, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 70.2 (2015): 409–35.
%Z See Lino Camprubí and Philipp Lehmann, ‘The Scales of Experience: Introduction to the Special Issue Experiencing the Global Environment’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 70 (2018): 1–5. For a discussion of the appropriate scale, in relation to both time and space, see Deborah R Coen and Fredrik Albritton Jonsson, ‘Between History and Earth System Science’, Isis 113, no. 2 (1 June 2022): 407–16) as well as Coen’s prize-winning monograph, Climate in Motion: Science, Empire, and the Problem of Scale (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2020).
%Z On the latter point see John Forrester’s classic discussion, which departs from the clinical case history, but goes much further (Forrester, 1996); on the former, Michel Callon’s study of scallops pushed ‘scaling down’ to new limits (Callon, 1996).
%Z (Krause, 2021, pp 14–32) emphasis added. 
%Z See on this point, Long, 2021.
%Z See The Turing Way, as an attempt to formalise such practices (https://zenodo.org/record/6909298) (accessed 10 September 2022).
%Z This spirit continues in the work of the Seshat: Global History project, see (http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/10/4/000272/000272.html).
%Z See this excellent, if alarming, overview: ‘History as a giant data set: how analysing the past could help save the future’ by Laura Spinney, The Guardian 12 November 2019 (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/nov/12/history-as-a-giant-data-set-how-analysing-the-past-could-help-save-the-future)
%Z See also the approach to scalar reading in history proposed by Clavert and Fickers, 2020.
%Z See https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side for an example of this functionality, created by Chris Fleet.
%Z Such as in the work of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, pioneered by the late Tony Wrigley and Peter Laslett (https://www.campop.geog.cam.ac.uk/).
%Z See (https://github.com/Living-with-machines/MapReader).
%I The Science Museum Group
%@ 2054-5770
%B eng
%U https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/article/working-at-scale-what-do-computational-methods-mean-for-research-using-cases-models-and-collections/
%J Science Museum Group Journal